Giới thiệu một vài thuật ngữ bằng tiếng Anh về Tòa Thánh
Nếu có dịp vào những trang web bằng tiếng Anh để tìm hiểu thêm về cái chết của Đức Cố Giáo Hoàng Gioan Phaolô Đệ Nhị hay tiến trình bầu chọn Giáo Hoàng, chúng ta vẫn thường gặp những thuật ngữ sau:
Basilica - a church of greater than average importance. There are four major basilicas in Rome: St. Peter's, St. John Lateran, St. Paul's Outside the Walls, and St. Mary Major.
Cardinal - From the Latin word "cardo" or hinge referring to the cardinal's role of fostering greater flexibility in church administration. 1. Highest ranking prelate below the papacy itself, now nearly always a bishop or archbishop, appointed by the Pope to assist him as a member of the College of Cardinals. 2. Distinctive red color of a cardinal's garments.
Cardinal Camerlengo - Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church; a cardinal with special responsibilities, especially during the time between the death of a pope and the election of his successor. He safeguards and administers the goods and revenues of the Holy See and heads particular congregations of cardinals for special purposes during the transition.
Chasuble - the outer liturgical vestment worn by the presider at Mass.
College of Cardinals - juridic collegial body, composed of cardinals, that provides for the election of the pope and that assists the pope in governing the universal Church on matters of great import, by participation in consistories, formal meetings of cardinals in the presence of the pope. The College has three orders, or ranks -- cardinal-bishop, cardinal-priest, and cardinal-deacon.
Conclave - (Latin con: with + ciavis: key) The enclosed meeting of the cardinals of the Church for the purpose of electing a Pope. This practice dates from 12741 when Pope Gregory X ordered papal elections to be held in conclave so that there would be no outside interference and also to hasten the process, since a vacancy in the papacy had existed for nearly three years before his own election.
Consistory - A special meeting of the Pope with all the cardinals to conduct very important Church business. Also, meetings to elect the Pope and proclaim new cardinals.
Dean of the College of Cardinals - presides over the College of Cardinals; acts as the first among equals, but has no jurisdiction over the other cardinals; elected by the full College, approved by the pope, and required to reside in Rome.
Elector - also known as cardinal elector; a member of the College of Cardinals who has not yet reached his 80th birthday before the pope dies. Pope Paul VI introduced the rule prohibiting cardinals over the age of 80 from participating in the election of a pope in 1970.
Fisherman's Ring - signet ring engraved with the image of St. Peter fishing from a boat and encircled with the name of the reigning pope. It is not worn by the pope. It is used to seal briefs and is destroyed after each pope's death.
General Congregation - the full College of Cardinals, acting collectively, to administer the Church and the Vatican City State during the vacancy of the Holy See.
Loggia - Place in St. Peter's (balcony) from which the new Pope imparts his first Apostolic Blessing Urbi et Orbi to the City of Rome and to the World.
Miter - the headcovering worn by bishops and some abbots during liturgical celebrations. Two triangular pieces of stiffened material are sewn together on the sides with an opening for the head at the base. Two bands of cloth, called lappets, hang from the back. Eastern Catholic bishops wear crowns.
Novendiales - nine memorial Masses celebrated by the cardinals in the basilicas of Rome for the deceased pope on consecutive days before the beginning of the conclave.
Papabili - among commentators, those cardinals considered to be the leading contenders to be elected pope.
Particular Congregation - a committee of four cardinals, headed by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, entrusted with deciding routine matters during the vacancy of the Holy See. The three assistants to the Camerlengo are chosen by lot from among those cardinals eligible to vote in conclave. They serve for three-day terms, being replaced by the same method.
Rochet (RAH-ssheht) - Apparently from an old Franco-Germanic word for coat) White linen knee-length garment similar to a surplice, derived from the alb, worn by the Pope and other prelates under the mozzetta or mantel.
Scrutiny- according to the rules established by Pope John Paul II, the only valid method by which cardinals, casting secret ballots, may elect a new pope.
Sistine Chapel - named for Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484), the principal chapel of the Vatican Apostolic palace. Famed for its frescoed walls by various artists, especially the ceiling and altar wall painted by Michelangelo; mandated by Pope John Paul II to be the location of future papal elections.
Soutane - Also cassock: A close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by the clergy and, in some places, by other liturgical ministers, with the color of cloth and/or buttons and piping denoting the rank of the cleric. The Pope's soutane is white.
Vatican City - Recognized as an independent, sovereign state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929, the State of Vatican City occupies 108.7 acres, with a population of 1,000, all of whom are citizens of the city-state. It survives as the last remnant of the once-vast Papal States, suppressed by Garibaldi and incorporated into the Republic of Italy in the mid-nineteenth century. Beginning with the building program of Pope Nicholas V in 1447, the popes have initiated construction over the centuries to bring the Vatican to its present form; it includes the Vatican Palace, its gardens, the Piazza and Basilica of St. Peter, and, as a sovereign state, its own government buildings including post offices and a bank. In addition, the Vatican mints its own coins and issues passports and automobile license plates. The Pope governs Vatican City as sovereign ruler, though most of the civil responsibilities are delegated to an archbishop who serves as governor of the city-state, called Secretary of State.
Zucchetto - Derived from the popular Italian idiom zucca, meaning a pumpkin, used as slang for "head," the zucchetto is a small skullcap worn by ecclesiastics. The Holy Father wears a white zucchetto made of watered silk. The cardinals use scarlet, and bishops use purple.
Nếu có dịp vào những trang web bằng tiếng Anh để tìm hiểu thêm về cái chết của Đức Cố Giáo Hoàng Gioan Phaolô Đệ Nhị hay tiến trình bầu chọn Giáo Hoàng, chúng ta vẫn thường gặp những thuật ngữ sau:
Basilica - a church of greater than average importance. There are four major basilicas in Rome: St. Peter's, St. John Lateran, St. Paul's Outside the Walls, and St. Mary Major.
Cardinal - From the Latin word "cardo" or hinge referring to the cardinal's role of fostering greater flexibility in church administration. 1. Highest ranking prelate below the papacy itself, now nearly always a bishop or archbishop, appointed by the Pope to assist him as a member of the College of Cardinals. 2. Distinctive red color of a cardinal's garments.
Cardinal Camerlengo - Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church; a cardinal with special responsibilities, especially during the time between the death of a pope and the election of his successor. He safeguards and administers the goods and revenues of the Holy See and heads particular congregations of cardinals for special purposes during the transition.
Chasuble - the outer liturgical vestment worn by the presider at Mass.
College of Cardinals - juridic collegial body, composed of cardinals, that provides for the election of the pope and that assists the pope in governing the universal Church on matters of great import, by participation in consistories, formal meetings of cardinals in the presence of the pope. The College has three orders, or ranks -- cardinal-bishop, cardinal-priest, and cardinal-deacon.
Conclave - (Latin con: with + ciavis: key) The enclosed meeting of the cardinals of the Church for the purpose of electing a Pope. This practice dates from 12741 when Pope Gregory X ordered papal elections to be held in conclave so that there would be no outside interference and also to hasten the process, since a vacancy in the papacy had existed for nearly three years before his own election.
Consistory - A special meeting of the Pope with all the cardinals to conduct very important Church business. Also, meetings to elect the Pope and proclaim new cardinals.
Dean of the College of Cardinals - presides over the College of Cardinals; acts as the first among equals, but has no jurisdiction over the other cardinals; elected by the full College, approved by the pope, and required to reside in Rome.
Elector - also known as cardinal elector; a member of the College of Cardinals who has not yet reached his 80th birthday before the pope dies. Pope Paul VI introduced the rule prohibiting cardinals over the age of 80 from participating in the election of a pope in 1970.
Fisherman's Ring - signet ring engraved with the image of St. Peter fishing from a boat and encircled with the name of the reigning pope. It is not worn by the pope. It is used to seal briefs and is destroyed after each pope's death.
General Congregation - the full College of Cardinals, acting collectively, to administer the Church and the Vatican City State during the vacancy of the Holy See.
Loggia - Place in St. Peter's (balcony) from which the new Pope imparts his first Apostolic Blessing Urbi et Orbi to the City of Rome and to the World.
Miter - the headcovering worn by bishops and some abbots during liturgical celebrations. Two triangular pieces of stiffened material are sewn together on the sides with an opening for the head at the base. Two bands of cloth, called lappets, hang from the back. Eastern Catholic bishops wear crowns.
Novendiales - nine memorial Masses celebrated by the cardinals in the basilicas of Rome for the deceased pope on consecutive days before the beginning of the conclave.
Papabili - among commentators, those cardinals considered to be the leading contenders to be elected pope.
Particular Congregation - a committee of four cardinals, headed by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, entrusted with deciding routine matters during the vacancy of the Holy See. The three assistants to the Camerlengo are chosen by lot from among those cardinals eligible to vote in conclave. They serve for three-day terms, being replaced by the same method.
Rochet (RAH-ssheht) - Apparently from an old Franco-Germanic word for coat) White linen knee-length garment similar to a surplice, derived from the alb, worn by the Pope and other prelates under the mozzetta or mantel.
Scrutiny- according to the rules established by Pope John Paul II, the only valid method by which cardinals, casting secret ballots, may elect a new pope.
Sistine Chapel - named for Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484), the principal chapel of the Vatican Apostolic palace. Famed for its frescoed walls by various artists, especially the ceiling and altar wall painted by Michelangelo; mandated by Pope John Paul II to be the location of future papal elections.
Soutane - Also cassock: A close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by the clergy and, in some places, by other liturgical ministers, with the color of cloth and/or buttons and piping denoting the rank of the cleric. The Pope's soutane is white.
Vatican City - Recognized as an independent, sovereign state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929, the State of Vatican City occupies 108.7 acres, with a population of 1,000, all of whom are citizens of the city-state. It survives as the last remnant of the once-vast Papal States, suppressed by Garibaldi and incorporated into the Republic of Italy in the mid-nineteenth century. Beginning with the building program of Pope Nicholas V in 1447, the popes have initiated construction over the centuries to bring the Vatican to its present form; it includes the Vatican Palace, its gardens, the Piazza and Basilica of St. Peter, and, as a sovereign state, its own government buildings including post offices and a bank. In addition, the Vatican mints its own coins and issues passports and automobile license plates. The Pope governs Vatican City as sovereign ruler, though most of the civil responsibilities are delegated to an archbishop who serves as governor of the city-state, called Secretary of State.
Zucchetto - Derived from the popular Italian idiom zucca, meaning a pumpkin, used as slang for "head," the zucchetto is a small skullcap worn by ecclesiastics. The Holy Father wears a white zucchetto made of watered silk. The cardinals use scarlet, and bishops use purple.